O presente artigo tem como ponto central analisar, com base nos trabalhos de Michel Foucault, a respeito do Poder Disciplinar em sua atuação na área educacional, especificamente, no Ensino de Filosofia, cujo objetivo é especular sobre o referido poder, presente nas instituições de ensino. Para tratar dessa questão, que envolve o Poder Disciplinador no desenvolvimento no Ensino de Filosofia, será utilizada a metodologia da pesquisa direta bibliográfica. Nossa trabalho será desenvolvido em dois momento singulares a ideia geral sobre o poder (...) no filósofo Michel Foucault e, posteriormente, pensar o desenvolvimento do Poder Disciplinar em relação com a Educação e, consequentemente, o Ensino de Filosofia. Esse caminho acredita-se que chegará a uma compreensão do Poder Disciplinar dentro do Ensino de Filosofia, trazendo elementos e questões que contribuam na construção do sujeito pensante, seja em sua vida individual ou uma vida social, e que esse indivíduo possa transformar a sociedade. (shrink)

A partir da temática abordada no filme Gattaca - a experiência genética , que trata de uma sociedade adepta da eugenia; mostraremos quais são as implicações morais que essa prática pode ocasionar em uma sociedade, bem como as diversas discriminações. Em contra-argumento a essa prática, abordaremos a teoria de Peter Singer em prol do princípio da igual consideração de interesses, demonstrando que dessa maneira teríamos sociedades menos discriminatórias. Enfim, queremos mostrar que caso não nos alertemos para as questões abordadas por (...) Singer, nós, agentes morais, faremos emergir uma sociedade preconceituosa, tal como vemos no filme Gattaca.: From selected themes in the movie Gattaca - A genetic experiment that describes a eugenics society, we will show what are the moral implications of the eugenic practice to the society as well as its several kinds of discrimination. We will argue against such practice by appropriating Peter Singer’s theory on behalf of the principle of equal consideration of interests by showing that societies based on it would be less discriminatory. Finally, we show that if we do not consider the issues raised by Singer we, moral agents, will make emerge a prejudiced society similar to that narrated by the movie Gattaca. Key words : Moral, Equality, Eugenie, discrimination. (shrink)

Este texto apresenta algumas reflexões de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, escrito a partir de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica, realizada durante os anos de 2017 a 2019. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as histórias e memórias da comunidade quilombola de Queimadas, situada no município de Guanambi Ba, tendo como foco as trajetórias de vida dos líderes locais e sua relação com a educação escolar. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete lideranças quilombolas, observação participante (...) e diário de campo. Para a análise e a interpretação dos dados recorreu-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Os resultados sinalizam as dificuldades vivenciadas durante a infância e juventude dos quilombolas e que permanecem até os dias atuais. É possível perceber como os olhares se cruzam através dos discursos que retomam nas experiências durante a formação da comunidade. Além disso, a intensa relação com o trabalho e ausência de políticas públicas é recorrente nos relatos apresentados. Dentre os vários fatores que dificultaram e/ou dificultam os quilombolas permanecerem na escola, com vistas ao processo de escolarização, podemos destacar, o currículo que produz a invisibilidade desses sujeitos e a migração em busca da sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, é urgente uma escola dentro da comunidade, referenciada na perspectiva de uma educação escolar quilombola, tendo os líderes locais como protagonistas, para que os conteúdos escolares dialoguem com suas histórias, memórias, lutas e vivências. Ademais, é imprescindível investimento do poder público local, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos quilombolas, bem como formação específica dos professores, tendo em vista a construção de uma educação diferenciada, contextualizada e antirracista. Palavras-chave: Lideranças; Quilombo; Educação; Memória; História. (shrink)

This paper aims to perform a qualitative synthesis of literature concerning the representation of information in displaced archives. Methodologically, this communication is configured in a metasynthesis oriented to theory building, constituting a non-reactive, documentary-based and exploratory type of study, focused on articles and books chapters published in English between 1954 and 2019. The collection of texts is supported by the SPICE strategy, applied to the search in databases (WoS and EBSCO). We adopted content analysis according to the assumptions of Charmaz (...) and Finfgeld-Connett. Of the 443 records, 155 texts that responded to the research purposes were included. Three themes emerged from the content analysis around the aforementioned theme with a view to theory building: “anarchivism as (non-) representation”, “archive of the archive”, and “archival canon”. Finally, displaced archives constitute an emerging theme in several domains, so it is important to explore the complex nature of this phenomenon from the point of view of representation and knowledge organization. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar e discutir questões acerca de como à educação muitas vezes acaba por contribuir para o aumento das desigualdades sociais. Desse modo, através dessa análise pretende-se ainda destacar as contribuições e críticas do pensamento de Pierre Félix Bourdieu, Paul- Michel Foucault e Karl Marx sobre os problemas sociais que permeiam a sociedade desde o século XIX até os dias atuais e muitas vezes são fortalecidos pelos sistemas educacionais.

In a recent opinion paper, it was argued that individuals with multiple retractions or a record of academic misconduct should not serve as editors, including as editors-in-chief, on the editorial boards of scholarly or academic journals. As a first step towards appreciating how such a policy could be applied in practice, the presence of 30 individuals listed on the Retraction Watch Leaderboard on editorial boards was screened. Six cases are highlighted to gain an appreciation of the potential reputational risks that (...) journals and publishers might incur by including individuals with a tainted academic record on editorial boards. Given the reputational, legal and other risks associated with this type of assessment and decision, more formal positioning and guidance are needed by global ethics policy-related bodies such as COPE, the ICMJE, and the CSE, even more so in journals that claim to follow these organizations’ ethical guidelines. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de História da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (ProfHistória/UFU). Nos limites do texto o objetivo consistiu em apresentar o processo que culminou na elaboração do Curso intitulado “Por uma educação antirracista: o estudo da história da África, cultura afro-brasileira e relações étnico-raciais” produzido como resultado da pesquisa desenvolvida no mestrado profissional, tendo como base e público alvo estudantes jovens e adultos. O estudo está fundamentado em uma (...) pesquisa qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica em livros e artigos acadêmicos tendo como principais referências autores que realizaram estudos sobre Educação de Jovens e adultos (EJA) e Educação e relações étnico-raciais. Analisamos documentos que regularizam a educação brasileira e as leis antirracistas dedicando atenção especial à Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) 9.394/96 e à Lei 10.639/03, alterada posteriormente pela Lei 11.645/08 que estabelece a obrigatoriedade da temática História e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena. Recorreu também a um questionário diagnóstico aplicado aos jovens e adultos estudantes do Centro Estadual de Educação Continuada (CESEC Uberlândia). Conclui-se que para efetivar uma educação antirracista, o ensino de História da África e Cultura Afro-Brasileira não pode se limitar a ações pontuais. É necessário descolonizar os currículos. (shrink)

A surge in post-publication activity related to editing, including by technical editors and copyeditors, is worthy of some discussion. One of these issues involves the issue of 'tortured phrases', which are bizarre terms and phrases in academic papers that replace standard English expressions or jargon. This phenomenon may reveal an attempt to avoid the detection of textual similarity or to masquerade plagiarism, and yet remain undetected by editors, peer reviewers and text editors. Potentially thousands of cases have already been discovered (...) and reported publicly on the post-publication platform PubPeer. In this opinion paper, 35 cases from ranked scholarly journals are presented, mainly the fields of materials, computer and engineering sciences. This collation serves to expand discussion about this integrity-related phenomenon and to increase educational awareness of the topic. (shrink)

Bottom of the Pyramid organizations are the ones that develop a set of capabilities that contribute to create short- and long-term sustainability values inside and outside the boundaries of BoP ecosystems. Capabilities have an important role in BoP organizations’ strategies that aim to solve BoP issues. Notwithstanding its developments, BoP research still lacks theoretical contributions for the analysis of organizations. We suggest special attention to the need of advancing knowledge on capabilities of BoP organizations because this field is scattered and (...) fragmented, misinterpreted, and still underdeveloped in the literature. We oriented our research formulating and seeking answers to our main question on what are the capabilities needed to enable organizations to create sustainability values in BoP ecosystems? We conducted an integrative review of BoP research for the period from 1998 to 2019, and we found 22 key capabilities of BoP organizations. We organized the capabilities into four major categories including BoP Responsible Consumption, BoP Responsible Business Model, BoP Responsible Management, and BoP Responsible Innovation. We advanced propositions and discussions regarding the capabilities and major categories’ popularity, interdependence and combination, short- and long-term temporal functions, sustainability roles, and effectiveness to address BoP issues. Our article organizes the field of capabilities of BoP organizations; advances contributions and implications for management, organizations, and policymaking; and opens fruitful avenues for future research. (shrink)

Tendo, pois, como pano de fundo o horizonte de uma fenomenologia da natureza, o texto, a seguir, explora uma proposição emblemática enunciada por Gabriel Marcel: a ideia da “natureza como espírito nascente”. Para tanto, a fim de melhor compreender o sentido e alcance dessa tese, a exposição se divide em duas partes correlatas: a primeira, retrospectivamente negativa, reconstitui a crítica marceliana ao naturalismo e ao idealismo vistos como dois gestos concêntricos à medida que não atribuem qualquer estatuto ou significação à (...) natureza. A segunda, mais positiva ou propositiva, restitui, numa direção heurística, a experiência matricial da natureza como espírito nascente, ou seja, confere pleno reconhecimento a uma acepção originariamente espiritual da natureza como fenômeno co-nascente. (shrink)

This paper investigates the cultural significance of black holes and suns as metaphors in continental European literature and art, drawing on theoretical insights from French continental authors such as Jean-François Lyotard and Ray Brassier. Lyotard suggests that black holes signify the ultimate form of the sublime, representing the displacement of humanity and our unease with our place in the cosmos. On the other hand, Brassier views black holes as a consequence of the entropic dissolution of matter, reflecting physical reality's indifference (...) to subjective or teleological significance. The study also presents a curated collection of literary works and artworks that employ black holes and suns as metaphors, examining the emergence of these metaphorical objects and identifying discursive and epistemological shifts in society. Furthermore, this collaborative research project, involving the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo and the Federal Fluminense University in Brazil, and the Charles University in Prague in the Czech Republic, aims to provide a valuable resource for further academic inquiry. (shrink)

This paper explores that the topic of ethics dumping, its causes and potential remedies. In ED, the weaknesses or gaps in ethics policies and systems of lower income countries are intentionally exploited for intellectual or financial gains through research and publishing by higher income countries with a more stringent or complex ethical infrastructure in which such research and publishing practices would not be permitted. Several examples are provided. Possible ED needs to be evaluated before research takes place, and detected prior (...) to publication as an academic paper, because it might lead to a collaborative effort between a wealthier country with restrictive ethical policies and a less wealthy country with more permissive policies. Consequently, if that collaboration ultimately results in an academic paper, there are ethical ramifications of ED to scholarly communication. Institutional review board approval is central to avoid ED-based collaborations. Blind trust and goodwill alone cannot eliminate the exploitation of indigenous or “vulnerable” populations’ intellect and resources. Combining community-based participatory research using clear codes of research conduct and a simple but robust verification system in academic publishing may reduce the risks of ED-based research from being published. (shrink)

Background:In their daily practice, Brazilian nurses have been met with complaints from co-workers and patients, as well as bioethical dilemmas intrinsic to the profession, particularly in the cont...

As part of a continuous process to explore the factors that might weaken or corrupt traditional peer review, in this paper, we query the ethics, fairness and validity of the request, by editors, of authors to suggest peer reviewers during the submission process. One of the reasons for the current crisis in science pertains to a loss in trust as a result of a flawed peer review which is by nature biased unless it is open peer review. As we indicate, (...) the fact that some editors and journals rely on authors’ suggestions in terms of who should peer review their paper already instills a potential way to abuse the trust of the submission and publishing system. An author-suggested peer reviewer choice might also tempt authors to seek reviewers who might be more receptive or sympathetic to the authors’ message or results, and thus favor the outcome of that paper. Authors should thus not be placed in such a potentially ethically compromising situation, especially as a mandatory condition for submission. However, the fact that they do not have an opt-out choice during the submission process—especially when using an online submission system that makes such a suggestion compulsory—may constitute a violation of authors’ rights. (shrink)

Retractions of COVID-19 literature in both preprints and the peer-reviewed literature serve as a reminder that there are still challenging issues underlying the integrity of the biomedical literature. The risks to academia become larger when such retractions take place in high-ranking biomedical journals. In some cases, retractions result from unreliable or nonexistent data, an issue that could easily be avoided by having open data policies, but there have also been retractions due to oversight in peer review and editorial verification. As (...) COVID-19 continues to affect academics and societies around the world, failures in peer review might also constitute a public health risk. The effectiveness by which COVID-19 literature is corrected, including through retractions, depends on the stringency of measures in place to detect errors and to correct erroneous literature. It also relies on the stringent implementation of open data policies. (shrink)

O artigo procura mostrar alguns elementos da análise deleuziana da pintura de Francis Bacon, concentrando-se nos aspectos que permitem considerar tal pintura como visceralmente anti-representativa. A pintura de Bacon figura sensações, promovendo, ao mesmo tempo, a experimentação e novas corporeidades por meio dessa produção figural. Pensando as relações entre os corpos e as forças que atuam sobre eles, provocando as ondas sensoriais, Deleuze concebe a pintura em geral, e a de Bacon em particular, como paradoxal experiência histérica do pensamento, experiência (...) em que corpo e pensamento encontram-se maximamente articulados. (shrink)

Authors endure considerable hardship carrying out biomedical research, from generating ideas to completing their manuscripts and submitting their findings and data (as is increasingly required) to a journal. When researchers submit to journals, they entrust their findings and ideas to editors and peer reviewers who are expected to respect the confidentiality of peer review. Inherent trust in peer review is built on the ethical conduct of authors, editors and reviewers, and on the respect of this confidentiality. If such confidentiality is (...) breached by unethical reviewers who might steal or plagiarize the authors’ ideas, researchers will lose trust in peer review and may resist submitting their findings to that journal. Science loses as a result, scientific and medical advances slow down, knowledge may become scarce, and it is unlikely that increasing bias in the literature will be detected or eliminated. In such a climate, society will ultimately be deprived from scientific and medical advances. Despite a rise in documented cases of abused peer review, there is still a relative lack of qualitative and quantitative studies on reviewer-related misconduct, most likely because evidence is difficult to come by. Our paper presents an assessment of editors’ and reviewers’ responsibilities in preserving the confidentiality of manuscripts during the peer review process, in response to a 2016 case of intellectual property theft by a reviewer. Our main objectives are to propose additional measures that would offer protection of authors’ intellectual ideas from predatory reviewers, and increase researchers’ awareness of the responsible reviewing of journal articles and reporting of biomedical research. (shrink)

O conceito de existencialismo acirra, na cena contemporânea, uma controvérsia sui generis ao demarcar uma linhagem cultural que planta suas raízes filosóficas no dito movimento fenomenológico-existencial, particularmente, na Alemanha e na França e que tem, na figura de Sartre, uma referência, sem dúvida, icônica. Talvez ninguém mais que Gabriel Marcel tenha, recorrentemente, se insurgido contra tal filiação conceitual, atribuída, ora por intelectuais marxistas e cristãos, ora, pela própria mídia sensacionalista; estereótipo que, num primeiro momento, seria, aliás, consentido pelo próprio Sartre, (...) a despeito, sobretudo, da célebre conferência O Existencialismo é um Humanismo. Marcel, tão logo, toma partido nesse debate, vindo a configurar a sua obra filosófico-dramatúrgica como “existencial” e não, propriamente, “existencialista”. O artigo examina, precisamente, esse ponto de inflexão trazendo à tona alguns de seus desdobramentos mais decisivos. (shrink)

O texto visa, contextualmente, situar Nietzsche como um precursor da fenomenologia compreendida por Merleau-Ponty menos a título de uma “doutrina” e mais como um “movimento” incoativo e inacabado. É sob esse prisma que a obra nietzschiana projeta viva audiência a alguns temas caros àquele movimento, entre eles, a interrogação acerca do mundo como mistério. Esse agenciamento encontra na ideia de profundidade um fio condutor decisivo a fim de ressignificar, em termos husserlianos, uma arqueologia da Lebenswelt enquanto regresso a uma Terra (...) originária, algo que, ao que tudo indica, possui importantes ressonâncias não só de matrizes nietzschianas, mas cezannianas. Trata-se, enfim, de examinar em que medida a filosofia de Nietzsche e a pintura de Cézanne perfazem um rico experimento capaz de fulgurar um sentido arquétipo da natureza como abismo ou, no dizer de Merleau-Ponty, o mundo como enigma primordial ou deflagração de um Ser das profundidades. (shrink)

O escopo central do artigo converge na análise e problematização das relações entre colonialismo e masculinidade na produção literário-intelectual do romancista H. Rider Haggard, com destaque para seu romance Marie. A narrativa literária cinge elementos da ficção e realidade ao narrar eventos do passado sul-africano, em especial o Great Trek, período de migrações e deslocamentos de colonos bôeres na década de 1830. No cerne de um contexto imaginado com as marcas da violência e do martírio, Haggard retrata a formação de (...) seu protagonista, o caçador Allan Quatermain, de modo a promover figurações de virilidade e heroísmo que atuam como respostas ao que muitos de seus contemporâneos sentem e ressentem como crises da masculinidade no fin-de-siècle.The South African Question: Literature, Colonialism and Masculinities in H. Rider Haggard’s Marie The central scope of the article converges in the analysis and problematization of relations between colonialism and masculinity in H. Rider Haggard’s literary and intellectual production, with emphasis in his romance Marie. The literary narrative deals with elements of fiction and reality by narrating events from South African past, especially the Great Trek, a period of migrations and displacements of Boer colonists during the 1830s. At the heart of a context imagined with violence and martyrdom, Haggard depicts the formation of his protagonist, the hunter Allan Quatermain, in order to promote virility and heroism, which act as answers to what many of his contemporaries feel and resent as crises of masculinity in the fin-de-siècle. Resumen La cuestión sudafricana: literatura, colonialismo y masculinidades en Marie, de H. Rider Haggard La meta central del artículo converge en la análisis y problematización de las relaciones entre colonialismo y masculinidad en la producción literario-intelectual del novelista H. Rider Haggard, con destaque para su romance Marie. La narrativa literaria establece una relación entre elementos de ficción y realidad al narrar eventos del pasado sudafricano, en especial el Great Trek, período de migraciones y desplazamientos de colonos bôeres en la década de 1830. En el corazón de un contexto imaginado con las marcas de la violencia y el el martirio, Haggard retrata la formación de su protagonista, el cazador Allan Quatermain, para promover imágenes de virilidad y heroísmo que actúan como respuestas a lo que muchos de sus contemporáneos sienten y resienten como crisis de la masculinidad en el fin-de-siècle. (shrink)

Entre outubro e novembro de 2022, um trabalho de tamanho fôlego sai do prelo na cena cultural e intelectual mexicana. Trata-se de El nihilismo mexicano: una reflexión filosófica de autoria de Mario Teodoro Ramírez vindo a lume pela Bonilla Artigas [...].

The blogosphere is full of personalities with masks, or pseudonyms. Although not a desired state of public communication, one could excuse the use of pseudonyms in blogs and social media, which are generally unregulated or weakly regulated. However, in science publishing, there are increasingly strict rules regarding the use of false identities for authors, the lack of institutional or contact details, and the lack of conflicts of interest, and such instances are generally considered to be misconduct. This is because these (...) violations of publishing protocol decrease trust and confidence in science and bring disrepute to those scientists who conform to the rules set out by journals and publishers and abide by them. Thus, when cases are encountered where trust and protocol in publishing are breached, these deserve to be highlighted. In this letter, I focus on Neuroskeptic, a highly prominent science critic, primarily on the blogosphere and in social media, highlighting the dangers associated with the use of pseudonyms in academic publishing. (shrink)

We cannot simply observe that Emile Durkheim, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Pierre Bourdieu all received philosophical training and subsequently asserted, in surprisingly similar terms, that escaping from philosophy or breaking away from philosophical modes of thought was a necessary condition for any research in the human and social sciences, without considering whether there might be a direct relationship between the sociological ethos and a particular attitude towards philosophy. The "rupture" with philosophyis never complete: the sociologists' conception of sociology is, on the (...) contrary, heavily influenced by the negative image they have of philosophy, which they always invoke as something to be avoided or a specter that must be exorcised. The sociological perception of philosophy thus constitutes a system of oppositions, a set of likes and dislikes deeply ingrained in the minds of practitioners in the human and social sciences, and which, so to speak, form the very foundation of the discipline and its definition of its identity. By reconstructing it, this article proposes a sociological analysis of the genesis, structure, and function of the sociological unconscious. (shrink)

En 1964, Glauber Rocha dirigió la película Dios y el Diablo en la Tierra del Sol. Año en el que Brasil sufrió el golpe de estado militar. En este momento, hablar de política o problemas sociales era un asunto turbio debido a la fuerte amenaza de represión. Glauber escribió y dirigió esta película que versa acerca de la dicotomía entre el bien y el mal, lo culto y lo inculto, el orden y el desorden, las diferencias sociales, las construcciones simbólicas (...) del espacio como semiosfera, las fronteras y la ruptura de éstas, que provocan el caos. Para el director, la religión guarda una relación muy estrecha con la política. Se plasma el deseo por el poder en los vínculos sociales-políticos (interés de los terratenientes sobre los trabajadores) y religiosos (interés de los predicadores sobre los creyentes). Este análisis discurre sobre dichas dualidades simbólicas, fijándonos en la discusión semiótica realizada por teóricos como Yuri Lotman, Michael Foucault, Mijaíl Bajtín, Umberto Eco, entre otros. La intención es analizar de qué manera Glauber Rocha construye los espacios simbólicos a lo largo de su discurso fílmico, y conocer el mensaje crítico que transmite. (shrink)

This paper is about the relationship between leadership, organisational morals, and temporality. We argue that engaging with questions of time and temporality may help us overcome the overly agentic view of organisational morals and leadership ethics that dominates extant literature. Our analysis of the role of time in organizational morals and leadership ethics starts from a virtue-based approach to leading large-scale moral endeavours. We ask: how can we account for organizational morality across generations and independently of the leader? To address (...) this question, we studied the leadership model of the Jesuits, a Catholic Religious Order. Our case reveals that a virtue-based model of leadership does not necessarily imply that those who are selected to lead the organization are themselves virtuous, but that the processes underpinning the exercise of leadership are cyclical and repeated as truthfully as possible. Virtuous leadership, for the Jesuits, is therefore about the construction of an ideal type of leadership against which the processes which sustain it were designed. Our theoretical contribution is twofold. First, we propose an habitual understanding of moral forms of leadership, in which the procedural is constitutive of moral forms of organising; second, we explain how “timelessness”, understood as the quality of not changing as years go by, allowed the Jesuits to centre the processes which sustain their ethical model on the repetition, across space and time, of said processes, rather than on their outcome. We conclude that the search for virtue might be more relevant for large-scale moral endeavours than virtue itself. (shrink)

Este artículo discute el problema de la libertad en el pensamiento crítico de Kant, tomando como base tres momentos. Primero, el modo como Kant plantea y soluciona el problema de la libertad en la tercera antinomia de la Crítica de la razón pura. Segundo, cómo Kant investiga la ley de la libertad en la Fundamentación de la metafísica de las costumbres. Tercero, cómo Kant relaciona ley y libertad a fin de demostrar la realidad objetiva de la libertad en la Crítica (...) de la razón práctica. Centrado en esta tripla acepción, el artículo concluye que la libertad es la clave de bóveda de la razón y solo tiene realidad objetiva mediante un factum de la razón. (shrink)

1. INTRODUCTIONIt has been some time now since the philosophical community has learned to appreciate Husserl’s contribution to the philosophies of logic, mathematics, and science in general, despite still some prejudices and misinterpretations in certain academic circles incapable of reading Husserl beyond the incompetent and malicious review which Frege wrote in 1894 of his Philosophie der Arithmetik (PA) [1891/2003], hereafter Hua XII.Husserl’s philosophy of mathematics, in particular, has been the subject of many articles and books and has attracted the attention (...) of many interpreters and philosophers who have found in Husserl fruitful ideas with which to tackle the many philosophical problems elicited by mathematics — its ontology, its epistemology, and its somehow surprising utility, even when not indispensable, in modern science. This original and interesting work by Professor Hartimo is a welcome addition to this already respectable bibliography. The book is essentially exegetical and presents a reading of Husserl’s philosophy, particularly his philosophy of mathematics, as found in some of his most important published works, which were reactions to the development of mathematics in his time, of which he was, as the mathematician he used to be, an attentive and well-informed observer. (shrink)

The aim of this essay is to analyze the treatment of the theory of natural slavery in Francisco de Vitoria’s thought through his reception of Aquino’s treatise on justice and the Aristotelian theory of natural slavery as described in book I of Politics. In order to understand how Vitoria distances himself from Aquinas, by considering the ius gentium as a positive right, I analyze Victoria’s comments on the Summa Theologica. Finally, I consider Question 1 of the relectio De Indis, where (...) Victoria directly criticizes the idea of natural slavery. (shrink)

Este breve ensaio busca, por meio da análise estruturalista e distanciada indicada por Lévi-Strauss, aproximar o conjunto de funções literárias das relações presentes entre os personagens principais do mito de Orphéus e Eurydíkē, fundadores dos mistérios órficos da Antiguidade Clássica, e de Lot e sua esposa, apresentados no Livro de Gênesis. Os pontos correlacionados são: o ponto de partida da jornada de ambos os casais, a figura mítico-mágica que anuncia a saída, o olhar para trás da figura feminina e a (...) punição sobre elas exercida. (shrink)

This article seeks to correlate some topics from Hobbes (especially the sovereignty problem) to reconstruct, in Foucault, the resistance problem. To this end, working with the state of nature example and with several commentators from both authors, an analysis will be carried out whose intersection point is the command­obedience pair, more specifically concerning the voice issue, such as referenced by Veyne. Merging two theoretical approaches, as far as Hobbes is concerned, a structural perspective was chosen, respecting the author's geometric methodology; (...) regarding Foucault, it is operated from a heuristic aspect, aiming to approach his experimentalism. (shrink)

This “essay” aims to think with Klossowski and Foucault the notions of “parody” and “fiction” based on the elegiac gesture presented by Veyne. From this, the “relational” possibility, and the “authors” quotation (notions reframed in the course of the text) will think and open up new possibilities for how to make philosophical historiography. Thus, postulated the death of God and the author's death, how would it break the Identity relations, leading to the end of the A = A relationship between (...) the textually constructed persons and the extra-textual historical ones? This is the question operated as the guideline for the mentioned notions mapping, aiming to deepen the gray area created by the elegiac fiction used here. (shrink)

In the academic world, despite their corrective nature, there is still a negative stigma attached to retractions, even more so if they are based on ethical infractions. Editors-in-chief and editors are role models in academic and scholarly communities. Thus, if they have multiple retractions or a record of academic misconduct, this viewpoint argues that they should not serve on journals’ editorial boards. The exception is where such individuals have displayed a clear path of scholarly reform. Policy and guidance is needed (...) by organizations such as the Committee on Publication Ethics. (shrink)

The title of the paper is an allusion to Philip K. Dick’s book Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (which inspired the movie Blade Runner) and aims, at once, to highlight the (possible) relation between Criminal Law and Artificial Intelligence in its two dimensions of criminal protection (hence the reference to ‘electric crimes’) and criminal liability (hence the reference to the androids’ dreams), within the background problem of knowing whether Artificial Intelligence is truly mind. The purpose of this paper is, (...) precisely, to identify whether there is indeed such relation, in those two dimensions, and making use of a mediating concept, the concept of ‘mind (or ‘mentality’). I argue that Artificial Intelligence “specimens” do not have a mind and, therefore, its protection and regulation by Criminal Law is impaired. I conclude by presenting a choice between a total irrelevance model of Artificial Intelligence to Criminal Law and a model in which Artificial Intelligence emerges as object and subject of Criminal Law by analogy with persons. (shrink)

Alvin Plantinga (1993a, 1993b, 2000) argues that de jure objections to theism depend on de facto objections: in order to say that belief in God is not warranted, one should first assume that this belief is false. Assuming Plantinga’s epistemology and his de facto/de jure distinction, In this essay, I argue that to show that belief in miracles is not warranted, one must suppose that belief in miracles is always false. Therefore, a person who holds a skeptical position regarding miracles (...) must choose either to find evidence that all of the supposed miracles are false, or admit that one is assuming an areligious commitment as a starting point. (shrink)

Os casos de fraqueza da vontade (incontinência) são tidos como paradoxais. Há, pelo menos, uma tensão entre tais casos e a lei psicológica que relaciona avaliações e volições: se julgamos que fazer x é melhor do que fazer y, então queremos fazer x; porém, por vezes, julgamos que fazer x é melhor do que fazer y e, ainda assim, queremos fazer y em vez de x. Como noutras propostas, defendo que a incompatibilidade é aparente. Porém, não rejeito que haja verdadeiros (...) casos de fraqueza da vontade. Proponho que, em tais casos, há uma cisão entre a força psicológica e o conteúdo axiológico das avaliações: o que o agente representa como mais valioso não é o que se encontra mais representado como valioso no agente e, portanto, aquilo que tem eficácia causal. Proponho, ainda, que o sistema volitivo desenvolveu um mecanismo de correção de tais anomalias, pelo qual o agente tem a capacidade de determinar volições de acordo com a avaliação do melhor. (shrink)